Gun recoil is a result of momentum conservation, which is an extremely important fundamental principle. Newton was talking about momentum conservation when he wrote "every action has an equal and opposite reaction". However, the physics behind all guns remain the same. Weapons such as cannons, shotguns and rifles, work on the basic idea of conservation of momentum and the change in energy from potential to kinetic. Momentum characterizes an object's resistance to change in motion.
If this is motion along a straight line, we call it linear momentum; if it is rotational motion we call it angular momentum. Motion and Laws of Motion. Mathematically, As you can see the velocity of the gun v g comes out in the negative direction or opposite direction of that of the bullet v b , so , that is why the gun recoils.
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